Objective To compare the clinical efficacy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) between percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) .Methods 82 patients with LDH in our hospital from October 2016 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzedand divided into PETD group (n=42) and PEID group (n=40). The perioperative conditions (blood loss, fluoroscopy times, operation time, length of stay, complications, etc.) of the two groups were compared. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and modified macnab criteria were recorded before and at the last follow-up to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in gender, age, course of disease, follow-up time, length of stay and excellent and good rate of modified MacNab standard between the two groups (P＞0.05). The VAS score and ODI index in the last follow-up of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation (all P＜0.05). The times of fluoroscopy and operation time in PETD group were longer than those in PEID group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in operation related complications and revision rate between the two groups P＞0.05). Conclusion Both lumbar vertebrae PTED and PTID have a definite effect on LDH, but PEID can significantly reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy and save operation time.