【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effects of polydatin on traumatic brain injury and SIRT1 signaling pathway in rats. Methods Seventyfive male SpragueDawley rats, weighing 260~320 g, were randomly divided into the sham operation group (group Sham), the traumatic brain injury group (group TBI), and the polydatin treatment group (group P). The TBI model was prepared by craniocerebral collision, while the rats in group P underwent only craniotomy without collision. For rats in group P, 30 mg/kg of polydatin was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 24 hours after surgery. Sham group and TBI group were intraperitoneally injected with 02 mL of normal saline 30 minutes before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 24 hours after surgery. The neurological severity scores (NSS) were evaluated at 3 and 7 days after operation. The protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl2 and SIRT1 were detected by Western blot. The content of TNFα and IL1β was detected by ELISA assays. The Iba1positive cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared with group Sham, the brain water content, NSS scores, Bax, Bcl2 and SIRT1 protein expressions, the content of TNFα and IL1β and Iba1+ cells in the TBI group were significantly increased at 3 days and 7 days after trauma. Compared with group TBI, the brain water content, NSS scores, Bax and SIRT1 protein expression, the content of TNFα and IL1β and Iba1+ cells in group P were significantly reduced at 3 days and 7 days after trauma, while the Bcl2 protein expression was upregulated. ConclusionPolydatin could alleviate acute spinal cord injury and improve motor function recovery by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in the spinal cord. 