Objective To evaluate effects of liraglutide on NLRP3 inflammasome, IL1β,IL18, homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) and homeostasis model assessmentβ in obese type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). Methods A total of 44 T2DM patients were divided into observation group (n=22) and control group (n=22) by random digital table. Control group was given melbine. Observation group was additionally given Liraglutide on the basis of control group. Before and after treatment, glucagon,Cpeptide, blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, NLRP3 mRNA, IL1β, IL18, HOMAIR and HOMAβ were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in every measurements between two groups. After treatment, the levels of glucagon,Cpeptide, blood glucose and HbA1c were significantly decreased in observation group and lower than those in the control group. Cpetide level at 30, 60minutes after standard meals and its area under the curve (AUC) significantly increased. Glucagon concentration at 30, 60 and 120minutes after standard meals and its AUC were significantly lower than that before liraglutide therapy. NLRP3 mRNA, IL1β and IL1 were significantly decreased in both groups. HOMAIR in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while HOMAIR was significantly lower than that in the control group. HOMAβ was significantly higher, and HOMAβ in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion Liraglutide could reduce the level of NLRP3 and downstream proinflammatory cytokine, and improve the function of islet beta cells.