Objective To observe and analyze the pathogen distribution and clinical characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of such patients. Methods 80 patients with infective endocarditis admitted to the hospital between October 2016 and September 2019 were selected as the study subjects. Their clinical data were collected to observe the pathogen distribution and clinical characteristics of patients. Results A total of 36 strains of pathogens were detected in the blood samples of the 80 patients, including Grampositive bacteria (8889%) and fungi (1111%). In Grampositive bacteria, the proportion of Streptococcus pyogenes was the highest (3889%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (1944%), group D Streptococcus (1111%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1111%). Fever (9250%) was the most common clinical manifestation of patients with infective endocarditis, followed by cardiac murmur (8875%), fatigue (8375%) and night sweat (815%). Cardiac neoplasms were found by echocardiography in 9750% of the patients. 6 of the 80 patients died, with a mortality rate of 750%. The proportions of congenital heart disease, prosthetic valve, Hb＜90g/L, ALB＜30g/L and embolism in the death group were higher than those in the survival group (P＜0.05), and the proportion of surgical treatment was lower than the survival group (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that congenital heart disease, artificial valve, Hb＜90g/L and cerebral embolism were the prognostic risk factors in patients with infective endocarditis (P＜0.05), and surgical treatment was a protective factor (P＜0.05). Conclusion The proportion of Grampositive bacteria is the highest in pathogens from blood samples of patients with infective endocarditis. Cardiac neoplasms are found in most patients by echocardiography, and some of the patients are complicated with basic heart disease. Early diagnosis, reasonable use of antibacterial drugs, keeping alert of prognostic risk factors and timely surgical treatment are of great value in improving the patient′s prognosis.