Objective To explore the changes of cytokine level in neurosurgery patients and its correlation with intracranial infection. Methods From September 2016 to September 2017, 60 patients with intracranial infection after craniotomy in our hospital were selected as the observation group, and another 60 patients without intracranial infection after craniotomy in our hospital were selected as the control group. All the patients were completely preserved the results of cytokine detection in different stages after operation. The cytokine levels of the two groups were compared on the 7th and 14th day, as well as in the patients with different stages of infection and different conditions of intracranial infection. The changes of cytokine level in neurosurgery patients and the correlation between cytokine level and intracranial infection were analyzed.Results On the 7th day after operation, the levels of IL8, IL8 and TNFα in the intracranial infection group were significantly higher than those in the noninfection group (P＜0.05). On the 14th day after operation, the levels of IL8, IL8 and TNFα in the intracranial infection group were significantly higher than those in the noninfection group (P＜0.05), and MCP1 in the intracranial infection group The levels of IFNγ, IL1β and these three cytokines were significantly higher than those of the non infected group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between the infected group and the non infected group (P＞0.05). For patients with different stages of infection, the levels of cytokines in their bodies were different. The levels of IFN  γ, IL6, IL8, TNF  α, IL10 and IL12 cytokines in patients with acute stage were also different The level of cytokines in patients with different conditions was different. The levels of IFN  γ, IL6, IL8, TNF  α, IL10 and IL12 in patients with severe disease were significantly higher than those in patients with mild disease (P＜0.05), which might affect the risk of intracranial infection in neurosurgery Risk factors including age, operation method, operation time, operation condition and CSF leakage. Logistic regression analysis was carried out on the variables of operation mode, operation time, CSF leakage and age. The results showed that operation mode, operation time, CSF leakage and age were the risk factors of intracranial infection in neurosurgery. Conclusion After craniotomy, the level of IL8, IL8, TNF  α and other cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid will rise once the patients have intracranial infection. This phenomenon can be used to evaluate whether the patients are infected or not, and provide the corresponding data for clinical treatment. It has a very high application value. It is worth further promotion and application in clinical practice Use.