【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effects of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on liver function, immune function and 3year diseasefree survival rate in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The clinical data of 122 patients with HCC in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 68 patients underwent LH (LH group) and 54 patients underwent RFA (RFA group). The surgical related indexes (operative time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion rate, postoperative hospital stay) and occurrence of perioperative complications were recorded in the two groups. Liver function ［alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)］ and immune function ［T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+)］ were compared between the two groups before operation and at 1 week after operation. The 3year tumorfree survival curve was drawn by KaplanMeier method, and Logrank method was used to compare the diseasefree rate in the two groups. 〖WTHZ〗Results〖WTBZ〗 The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion rate and postoperative hospital stay in LH group were higher than those in RFA group (P＜005). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of perioperative complications between the two groups (P＞005). At 1 week after operation, the liver function indexes (ALT, AST) and CD8+ were higher than those before operation (P＜005), and the indexes in LH group were higher than those in RFA group (P＜005). The partial immune function indexes (CD3+, CD4+) in the two groups were lower than those before operation (P＜005), and the indexes in LH group were lower than those in RFA group (P＜005). At 3 years after operation, there were 42 patients (6176%) of diseasefree survival in LH group and 19 patients (3519%) of diseasefree survival in RFA group, and the 3year diseasefree survival rate in LH group was significantly higher than that in RFA group (P＜005). Conclusion RFA and LH have advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of HCC. RFA has advantages in minimally invasive surgery, but the diseasefree survival is inferior to LH. Clinically, it is necessary to develop the personalized treatment regimen for HCC patients according to the actual situation.