Objective To explore the effects of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with establishment of F24 channel and Fl6 channel on perioperative indexes ? hemodynamics and postoperative complications in patients with renal calculi. Methods 80 patients with renal calculi treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in our hospital from April 2016 to April 2018 were selected and divided into F24 channel group and Fl6 channel group according to the channel size, 43 cases in F24 channel group were given balloon expansion to establish F24 channel, and 37 cases in Fl6 channel group were given fascial expansion to establish Fl6 channel. The perioperative indexes ? hemodynamics ? biochemical parameters and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative renal pelvic pres sure, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion rate and one stage stone clearance rate in F16 channel group were significantly lower than that in F24 channel group ? and the operative time in Fl6 channel group was signifi cantly shorter lower than that in F24 channel group (P<0. 05). The postoperative renal pelvis pressure and postopera tive blood transfusion rate in F24 channel group were significantly lower than that in Fl6 channel group, and the litho tripsy tiem and hospital stay in F24 channel group were significantly shorter than that in Fl6 channel group (P0. 05) , and the MAP in the two groups was significantly increased (P>0. 05), and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). At Id after operation, the levels of PCT, CRP, MCP 1 and HMGB1 were significantly increased (P<0. 05) while.the.level of TFF1 was significantly decreased (PVO, 05). At 3d after operation, the levels of PCT, CRP, MCP 1 and HMGB1 in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those at Id after operation (P<0. 05) while the TFF1 level was signif icantly increased (P<0, 05). At 3d after operation, the levels of PCT, CRP, MCP 1 and HMGB1 in F24 channel group were significantly lower than those in Fl6 channel group (P<0. 05) , while the level of TFF1 was significantly higher than that in Fl 6 channel group (P<0. 05). The total incidence rate of complications in F24 channel group was signifi cantly lower than that in Fl6 channel group (46. 51% vs 89. 19%) (P<0. 05), Conclusion Compared with PCNL with establishment of F16 channel, PCNL with establishment of F24 channel has better effects in the treatment of renal cal culi, and it has better biochemical indexes and lower incidence rate of complications.