Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of tofacitinib on brain edema in rats with cerebral hemorrhage. Methods We made ICH model by SD rat right basal ganglia blood injection method. After success ? the treatment group was injected with tofacitinib and the control group was injected with saline in intraperitoneal. The behav ioral scores, brain water content, expression of JA.K2, p JAK2, ST AT 3 and p STATS, and expression of inflammatory factors at different time points were dynamically observed. Results Compared with the control group, the water content of brain tissue in the treatment group was lower at all time points (P<0.05 ), In the treatment group, the score of the left side was higher than that of the right side (P<0.05), The expression of TNF-a, IL-1 [3, COX-2, IL-6, P JAK2 and P STATS in the brain tissue around hematoma of the two groups increased gradually after operation, reached the peak 3 days after modeling, and then decreased gradually. The expression of the above indexes in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after operation (P<0.05) , and there was no statistical differ ence on the 7th day (P〉0.05). Conclusion The results of this study suggesting that tofacitinib can alleviate early brain edema in ICH rats and have brain tissue protection. The possible mechanism is that tofacitinib inhibits the JAK2 ST AT 3 signaling pathway after cerebral hemorrhage and reduces p JAK2, p STATS and related inflammatory factors expression