【Abstract】 Iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injury is one of the common complications of mandibular third molar extraction surgery, which often leads to paresthesia in the affected area and causes physiological and potential psychological trauma to patients. The causes of iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injury are complex and varied, and the therapeutic methods and prognostic effects depend on its preventive and early effective diagnosis and management. This paper reviewed the research progress in the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of trigeminal nerve injury caused by the extraction of mandibular third molars.