【Abstract】 Objective To observe the expression of long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1) in the plasma of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRI) and analyze its relationship with Th1/Th2 balance. Methods From June 2018 to March 2019, 68 children with RRI in our hospital were selected as RRI group, and 74 healthy children were selected as health group. The level of plasma lncRNA NEAT1 was detected by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRTPCR). The percentages of Th1 and Th2 cells to CD4 + T cells were measured by flow cytometry. The ratio of Th1/Th2 was calculated. The levels of interferonγ (IFN-γ) and interleukin4 (IL-4) were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationships between the levels of lncRNA NEAT1, Th1, Th2, Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ, IL-4 and between the expression level of lncRNA NEAT1 and Th1/Th2 balance were observed. Results The expression level of plasma lncRNA NEAT1, the percentage of CD4 + Th2 cells and the level of IL-4 in RRI group were significantly higher than those in healthy group (t=9.198, 10.218, 27.449, all P＜0.05). The percentage of CD4 + Th1 cells, ratio of Th1/Th2 and level of IFN-γ in peripheral blood decreased significantly (t=10.689, 14.572, 23665, all P＜0.05). There were negative correlations between the expression level of plasma lncRNA NEAT1 and IFNγ (r=〖CD*3/5〗0383, P＜0.05), between Th1/Th2 ratio and IL-4 (r=〖CD*3/5〗0.428, P＜0.05), between the expression level of lncRNA NEAT1 and Th1/Th2 ratio in children with RRI (r=〖CD*3/5〗0.428, P＜0.05), and there were positive correlations between percentage of Th1 cell, Th1/Th2 ratio and IFNγ (r=0.458, 0.327, both P＜0.05), between the expression level of lncRNA NEAT1, percentage of Th2 cell and IL-4 (r=0.484, 0.537, both P＜0.05). Conclusion The plasma lncRNA NEAT1 level of RRI children is high. The ratio of Th1/Th2 is low. There is a negative correlation between lncRNA NEAT1 and Th1/Th2, which may interact with each other, thus jointly affect the occurrence and development of RRI.