【Abstract】 Objective To explore application value of ultrasound combined with video electroencephalogram (VEEG) in early diagnosis of brain development, brain injury and prognosis evaluation in premature infants. Methods 53 premature infants transferred from obstetrics department to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after birth were enrolled. Their clinical data were collected. According to their clinical manifestations, premature infants with Apgar score at birth lower than 7 points and brain injury changes confirmed by MRI examination 10d later were enrolled as brain injury group (n=24), while the others were enrolled as brain noninjury group (n=29). Within 48h72h after birth, all premature infants underwent craniocerebral ultrasound examination. VEEG monitoring was performed at the bedside. Results Ultrasound diagnosis showed that there were 30 cases without brain injury and 23 cases with brain injury. VEEG monitoring showed that there were 19 cases and 5 cases with EEG abnormalities in brain injury group and brain noninjury group, respectively. The abnormal rate of VEEG in brain injury group was significantly higher than that in brain noninjury group (P＜0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasound and VEEG for early diagnosis of brain development and brain injury in premature infants were (83.33%, 89.66%, 86.79%) and (79.17%, 82.76%, 81.13%), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of their combination were 95.83%, 96.55% and 96.23%, respectively. The followup results showed that at 12month old, MDI and PDI scores in premature infants diagnosed with brain injury by ultrasound combined with VEEG were lower than those without brain injury (P＜0.05), while incidence of cerebral palsy and epilepsy was higher than that without brain injury (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound combined with VEEG can improve early diagnosis efficiency for brain development and brain injury in premature infants, which is of important value in prognosis evaluation.