【Abstract】 Objective investigate the metabolic changes of adipose tissue in neonatal rats after the induction of maternal diabetes model with streptozotocin. Methods 20 female SD rats were selected and induced into diabetic model by streptozotocin. The male offspring rats were divided into experimental group (20 rats) and control group (10 rats) according to whether the female had diabetes or not. The male offspring rats were killed at 12 weeks and the epididymis and subcutaneous fat pad were obtained. The basic level of fat cell evaluation and islets of Langerhans were extracted The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), the ability of glucose to oxidize to CO2 and combine with glucose to form lipid and fat. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight, the weight of epididymal fat pad and the average diameter of fat in the experimental group increased (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the diameter and weight of fat cells, glucose tolerance and insulin level between the two groups (P＞0.05). Compared with the control group, the basal cells of epididymal fat cells and insulin-induced glucose uptake in the experimental group increased (P＜0.05), while the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and its conversion to lipid increased (P＜0.05), but the ability of lipid decomposition in vitro had no significant change (P＞0.05). Compared with the control group, GLUT4, insulin receptor (IR β) and acetyl CoA (ACC) were increased in the fat pad of the experimental group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Maternal diabetes mellitus can affect the fat metabolism of offspring. The ability of lipid storage increases, but the ability of lipid decomposition does not change significantly.