【Abstract】 Objective To explore the changes of levels of serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) , cystatin C (CysC) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and their relationship with prognosis. Methods 80 patients with LN (LN group) and 80 healthy examiners (control group) were selected. LN patients were divided into active group (SLEDAI score ≥10 points, 49 cases) and inactive group (SLEDAI score＜10 points, 31 cases) according to the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI-2000). Serum levels of TGF-β1 and sTM were measured by ELISA, and serum CysC level was measured by immunoturbidimetry. Results The levels of serum TGF-β1, CysC and sTM in LN group were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0. 05). The levels of TGF-β1, CysC and sTM in active group were significantly higher than those in inactive group (P＜0. 05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum TGF-β1, CysC and sTM in LN patients were positively correlated with C-reactive protein, 24h urine protein and SLEDAI score (P＜0.05). The levels of serum TGF-β1, CysC and sTM in refractory lupus group were significantly higher than those in treatment-sensitive group (P＜0. 05). ROC curve analysis showed that the values of areas under the curve of TGF-β1, CysC and sTM levels in determining whether the prognosis was refractory lupus were 0. 874, 0. 845 and 0. 837 respectively. Conclusion The expression levels of serum TGF-β1, CysC and sTM are increased in LN patients, which is related to disease activity and treatment prognosis.