【Abstract】 Objective To explore the value of PEWS in the evaluation of children's condition in emergency observation room. Methods From June 2016 to June 2017, 250 children in the emergency observation room of our hospital were selected as the study objects to score their PEWS. Taking whether there is rescue or hospitalization within 72 hours as the evaluation standard, the evaluation value of PEWS scoring system on the condition of children in emergency observation room was analyzed. Results Among the 250 children, 1 died (0.40%), with a PEWS score of 12 and an average score of 2.32±0.71. 99 patients (39.60%) were hospitalized, 29 patients (29.29%) scored 8-10. When they stayed in the hospital, 50 patients (50.51%) scored 5-7 and 13 patients (13.13%) scored lower than 5. 7 children (including one dead child) were rescued in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The scores of PEWS were all higher than 10, significantly higher than those of non PICU children (P＜0.05). 151 children (60.40%) returned home with drugs 24 hours later. The scores of PEWS were lower than 5 (2.24±0.72) and significantly lower than those of hospitalized children (t=6.57, P＜0.01). Conclusion The PEWS scoring system can be used as an important method for rapid and effective evaluation of children's condition in the emergency observation room. The method is simple and feasible, with strong operabilityand good resolution, and can be applied in clinical practice.