Objective To study the correlation of coagulation indexes and serum inflammatory factors in patients with lung cancer and pulmonary infection. Methods From July 2017 to October 2018, 90 patients with lung cancer and pulmonary infection were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into lung cancer non-small cell group, lung cancer small cell group and lung infection group. 30 cases of routine physical examination in the same period were selected as the healthy group. The levels of Pt, FIB, D D D, TT and APTT were measured and compared. The levels of Pt, FIB, D-D, TT and APTT, PDW, MPV, WBC, neu, mono and lym were measured and compared. The levelsof inflammatory factors IL-6β, IL-1β and IL-8β were observed. Results The difference of Pt, FIB, D D D, TT between non-small cell lung cancer group and pulmonary infection group was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference of FIB, D D D, TT between the small cell lung cancer group and the healthy group was also statistically significant (P<0.05). The values of Pt and TT in non-small cell group and small cell group were significantly lower than those in lung infection group (P<0.05). Compared with the healthy group, MONO and NEU were significantly higher and lym was significantly lower in the non-small cell lung cancer group. In lung cancer small cell group, MONO increased, LYM decreased; in lung infection group, NEU, MONO and WBC increased significantly, PDW and lym decreased significantly (P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6β and IL-8β in non-small cell group, small cell group and lung infection group were significantly higher than those in healthy group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6β and IL-8β in non-small cell lung cancer group and small cell lung cancer group were significantly lower than those in pulmonary infection group (P<0.05). Conclusion The inflammatory response and hypercoagulability of lung cancer and lung infection patients were lower than those of infected patients, and hypercoagulability was higher than those of infected patients.