Objective To study the effect of hospital chest pain center construction on the first aid efficiency of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Methods STEMI patients from 2017, Oct to 2018, Jul admitted into Deyang People′s Hospital after the establishment of the regional chest pain center (Group A) and STEMI patients from 2016, Oct to 2017, Jul admitted into Deyang People′s Hospital before the establishment of the regional chest pain center (Group B) were collected. The key indicators in the chest pain process were compared and analyzed. Results The first electrocardiogram time, the troponin testing time, the emergency stay time, the door to ball time and the catheter intervention therapeutic room activation time of Group A were significantly shorter than that of Group B (P＜ 0.05). The ECG transmission ratio and the patient referral ratio of Group A were significantly higher than that of Group A (P＜0.05). The prognosis index of the left ventricular ejection fraction and the incidence of heart failure of Group A were improved more significantly than that of Group B (P＜0.05). The average hospital day was significantly lower than before (P＜0.05). Conclusion The hospital chest pain center construction optimizes the STEMI first aid process, shortens the prehospital and inhospital treatment time of STEMI patients, improves the first aid efficiency and improves the prognosis, and also provides reference for the construction of regional chest pain centers in other cities in China.