Objective Surgical smoke is the primary cause of air pollution in the operating room. To protect the health of medical workers, our study aimed to explore the hazards of surgical smoke and the necessity of protective measures. Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, surgical smoke group and intervention group. Rats in surgical smoke group and intervention group were placed in the smoke for 30 minutes, and intervention group received preventive measures in advance. After two weeks, the physiological and biochemical indexes of rats exposed to surgical smoke and the effectiveness of preventive measures were measured. 〖WT5"HZ〗Results The air quality was seriously polluted after 3 minutes of electrotome use, and continued to decrease with the increase of electrotome using time. After two weeks, the cardiac function, hemodynamics and respiratory function of rats in surgical smoke group were significantly damaged, and the concentrations of serum inflammatory factors, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα were significantly increased, while the physiological damage induced by surgical smoke was significantly protected in rats of intervention group. During the two week, there was no significant difference in liver and kidney function between the two groups. Conclusion Surgical smoke can cause significant physiological damage, and protective measures shows ideal protective effects.