【Abstract】 Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary dermatosis. Rapid and convenient diagnosis and effective treatment methods have always been the focus of research. This paper reviews the current status of diagnosis and treatment of xeroderma pigmentosum in combination with relevant literature at home and abroad. At the same time, the prospected of future feasible diagnosis and treatment methods will provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of xeroderma pigmentosum.