【Abstract】 Objective To detect the expression levels of resistin (RETN), interferonγ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) and transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ) in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with gouty arthritis, and explore their clinical significance. Methods 112 patients with gouty arthritis admitted in our hospital from May 2016 to July 2017 were selected, including 40 cases of acute phase, 35 cases of chronic phase and 37 cases of intermittent period, another 35 patients with osteoarthritis and 35 healthy persons were selected as the control group. The levels of RETN, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ in peripheral blood and synovial fluid were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), their relationships with the clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results Compared with the osteoarthritis group or the healthy control group, the levels of UA, RETN, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of gouty arthritis group were significantly increased (P＜005). Compared with the chronic phase, the levels of RETN, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of the patients in the acute phase were significantly increased (P＜005). Compared with the intermittent period, the levels of UA, TNFα and TGFβ in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of the patients in the chronic period were significantly increased (P＜005). Compared with the course＜5 years group, the levels of UA, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ in the peripheral blood of patients in course ≥5 years group were significantly increased (P＜005), the levels of RETN, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ in synovial fluid were increased significantly (P＜005). Compared with the number of affected joints＜5 group, the levels of UA, RETN and TNFα in the peripheral blood of patients in the number of affected joints ≥5 group were significantly increased (P＜005), the levels of RETN, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ in synovial fluid were increased significantly (P＜005). Compared with the frequency of seizures＜3/12 months, the levels of UA, RETN, and TNFα in peripheral blood were significantly higher in patients with seizure frequency ≥3 times/12 months (P＜005), and UA, RETN, and synovial fluid were detected. The levels of TNFα and TGFβ were significantly increased (P＜005). The levels of serum and synovial fluid UA in gout patients were positively correlated with RETN, IFNγ, TNFα, and TGFβ (P＜005). Conclusion RETN, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ were highly expressed in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with gouty arthritis, and the condition of the disease is related to the degree of development, suggesting that they may play important roles in the inflammatory reaction of gouty arthritis.