【Abstract】 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the highest incidence of malignant tumors in our country with the high recurrence rate and high mortality. So how to improve the early diagnosis of HCC is particularly important to improve the early treatment. Liquid biopsy technique with noninvasive, sensitivity, dynamic characteristics has become a liver cancer screening, early targeted medication guide and recurrence monitoring of hot spots. In recent years as the liquid biopsy enrich the research content and the capture and the development of detecting technology, the lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer has been recognized by the preliminary clinical application. According to a new study in patients with liver disease status and blood circulating tumor cells (circulating tumor cell, CTC), circulating tumor DNA (circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA) and outside the body (exsome) secretion quantity has the strong correlation. This paper will focus on a comprehensive review from the heterogeneity of cancer of the liver, the challenge of liquid biopsy of liver cancer, liver cancer diagnostic markers and the research progress of liquid biopsy of liver cancer，providing clinical guidance for HCC early diagnosis and treatment.