【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the disease composition and the relevant characteristics of inpatients in neurology department in a large tertiary hospital branch and provide scientific and objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods In this study, the demographic and clinical data of inpatients in Neurology Department of Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, a branch of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, from April 1st, 2012 to March 31st, 2018, were collected. The main diagnosis of the home page was considered equally as the first diagnosis, which was based on the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD10) and combined with the "Midnights" qualitative principle of neurology, was taken as the disease classification standard. The SPSS 220 software was used for statistical analysis. Results 17,104 patients ［8,667 (5067%) male; 8,437（4933%）female. The mean±SD age was 5237±1775 years old. The average hospitalization duration were 1032±805 days.The proportions of cerebrovascular disease, central nervous system infection, dizziness, mental disorder related to neirologic disease, and peripheral nerve disease were 2045%, 1176%, 846%, 743%, 740%, respectively. From 2012 to 2018, the proportions of rare diseases were 505%, 833%, 966%, 1028%, 1079%, 1126% and 1144%, severally.Conclusion The top five diseases in the neurology department of a large third grade hospital were cerebrovascular disease, central nervous system infection, dizziness, mental disorder related to neirologic disease, and peripheral nerve disease. The proportion of rare diseases was increasing year by year. The neurology department in the hospitals at all levels should strengthen the development of stroke centers and cognition of rare diseases, implement twoway referral and hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, so as to maximize the benefits of patients.