【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of low dose dexmedetomidine on perioperative inflammatory factors and stress responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cysts. Methods A retrospective analysis of 102 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cysts admitted from October 2015 to October 2017 in our hospital was performed. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to different anesthetic medications, 34 cases in each group. Group Ⅰ was given 04ug/kg/h dexmedetomidine, group Ⅱ was given 08ug/kg/h dexmedetomidine, the control group was a blank control. The perioperative inflammatory factors, stress response and adverse reactions were compared among the 3 groups. Results The levels of serum interleukin6 (IL-6), interleukin10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) in the three groups at T0 were not statistically different (P＞0.05). The serum levels of IL6, IL10 and TNFα increased from T3 to T5 (P＜0.05). The levels of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and norepinephrine (NA) were significantly higher in the three groups at t1~t3 than before (P＜0.05). The levels in group I and II were lower than those of the control group at the corresponding time (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the three groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Lowdose dexmedetomidine can improve the perioperative inflammatory response in laparoscopic ovarian cysts, which is helpful for stabilizing hemodynamics and reducing the stress response of patients without increasing the adverse reactions rate, and with good safety.