Loss of left atrial function is an early indicator of cardiac dysfunction and a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events, in the noninvasive analysis of hypertension (HT) and/or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Left atrial function represents a crucial factor in cardiac function. Left atrial size measurement and functional analysis are important components of cardiac function assessment and are two crucial factors in assessing left ventricular filling. Echocardiography, as a means of imaging examination, has its unique advantages in the assessment of the size of the heart and the chamber. This article reviews the progress of echocardiographic evaluation of left atrial function.