Gastric cancer is the second most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancerrelated deaths in China. Vitamin D plays an important role in its antitumor mechanism mainly by activating VDR, inhibiting proliferation, stimulating apoptosis and autophagy, promoting angiogenesis and metastatic potential, regulating immune system and so on. Although the epidemiological findings are not consistent, evidence from both basic and clinical trials suggests that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk and mortality of gastric cancer, so vitamin D supplementation may be a safe and economical strategy for the prevention or treatment of gastric cancer. Here, we review the study of the association between gastric cancer and the level of Vitamin D, also with its receptor. More importantly, we highlight the possible causes of inconsistent epidemiological findings.