Objective To obtain accurate time-varying tendency of rats echocardiographic parameters measured by a long-term and continuous echocardiography detection under normal and cardiovascular disease conditions. Methods Two common cardiovascular disease models (ischemia myocardial infarction and pressure-overload induced cardiac hypertrophy) were established. Each group rats were performed echocardiography detection at pre-operation and 1, 2, 4 weeks post-operation respectively. Meanwhile, normal rats were administrated the same experiment procedure. Results Each parameter of echocardiography increased along with time in normal rats because of physiological heart growth. In myocardial infarction rats, changes of heart mainly incarnated as structure remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, judged by a significant increase of left ventricle diameter and volume and a decrease of ejection fraction and shortening fraction. In cardiac hypertrophy rats, changes of heart were characterized as a significant increase of left ventricle wall thickness and a decrease of end-systolic volume, accompanied with a compensatory increase of cardiac function. Conclusion Non-invasive M type echocardiography can be used to evaluate cardiac structure and function of rats under normal and cardiovascular diseases condition and provide data reference for future rat studies on cardiovascular diseases.