【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine medetomidine on perioperative hemodynamics and postoperative neurological dysfunction in cesarean section. Methods 72 patients undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were selected and divided into study group and the control group, according to the random number table method. Dexmedetomidine was infused 10 min before anesthesia induction in study group. The control group received the equal volume of 09%NaCl. The clinical data of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. The hemodynamics and sensory block scope of the two groups were compared. Ramsay sedation scores intraoperative traction reaction were assessed, then the MMSE scores and postoperative adverse reactions at different time points in the two groups were observed and recorded. Results The HR, DBP, and SBP levels in the study group at T1T3 were lower than those at T0, with no significant difference (P＞005). While the HR, DBP, and SBP levels in the control group at T1T3 were higher than those at T0 (P＜005). The average HR, DBP, and SBP levels in the study group at T1, T2, and T3 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜005). Compared with the control group, the onset time and time to reach the maximum epidural block were significantly shortened, and the time of sensory block was prolonged in study group (P＜005). Apger score between the two groups at 1 and 5 min after birth had no significant difference (P＞005). The MMSE scores of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the postoperative 1d and 3d (P＜005). The incidence of bradycardia, respiratory depression, chills and nausea and vomiting in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜005), no difference was found in the incidence rate of the hypotension (P＞005). Conclusion The application of the dexmedetomidine during the cesarean section is an effective and safe way to shorten the onset time of epidural anesthesia, prolong the time of sensory block, enhance the analgesic and sedative effects, maintain the stability of the hemodynamics arel, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions with less side effects, which has no influence on the postoperative cognitive function and newborns.