【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of serum miRNA194 and miRNA206 in patients with prostate cancer. Methods 108 PCa patients in our hospital from May 2008 to December 2014 and 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 60 patients with normal prostate in our hospital were selected as subjects. The clinical and followup data of all included investigators were retrospectively analyzed. The general clinical data including the age of the investigator and the serum miRNA194 and miRNA206 levels and the tumor and prognosis of PCa patients were recorded, and the differences of the above data among different PCa patients were compared. Results BPH and PCa patients had lower serum miRNA206 levels than normal, while serum PSA and miRNA194 levels were higher than those of the control group; and PCa patients had lower serum miRN A206 levels than BHP patients and higher serum PSA and miRNA194 levels (P＜005). Gleason score is greater than 7 points，The serum levels of microRNA206 in patients with T3T4 clinical stage and PCA with lymph node metastasis and postoperative recurrence were significantly decreased. However, serum miRNA194 and serum levels increased significantly (P＜005). Serum miRNA206 levels were significantly lower in dead patients than in survivors; serum miRNA194 levels were significantly higher in dead patients than survivors (P＜005). Logrank test showed that, gleason score was greater than 7 points, clinical stage T3~T4 phase, lymph node metastasis, adjacent tissue organ invasion, postoperative recurrence, high serum miR NA194 level and low miRNA206 level had lower 3year overall survival rate (P＜005). According to the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, lymph node metastasis, adjacent tissue organ invasion, postoperative recurrence, elevated serum miRNA194 and decreased miRN A206 levels were independent factors influencing the prognosis of PCa patients (P＜005). Conclusion Serum miRNA194 is significantly elevated in PCa patients, while serum miRNA206 levels is significantly decreased, and the rise of serum miRNA194 and the decrease of serum miRNA206 are independent factors affecting the prognosis of PCa patients, so it can be clinically used as an effective indicator for assessing the condition and prognosis of patients with PCa.