【Abstract】 Fire smoke inhalation injury has always been the main cause of death of burned patients or victims trapped in the fire, its pathogenic mechanism is complicated. Higher level emergency treatment is required. There is no unified opinion on the treatment of inhalation injury of fire smoke at present. Understanding the harmful effects of fire smoke and emergency treatment measures will improve patients management at the fire scene or in hospital. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the harmful effects of fire smoke and treatment options of smoke inhalation injury based on the current literature, and also with a view to provide scientific guidance on emergency rescue for medical staff and firefighters.