【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the expression levels of miR181a and CA125 and possible correlation between them in patients with type I and II endometrial carcinoma, so as to provide theoretical basis for further exploration of pathogenesis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. Methods From June 2014 to December 2016, 81 endometrial tissues were collected as experimental specimens, including 35 type I endometrial carcinoma, 11 type II endometrial carcinoma, 20 endometrial hyperplasia and 15 normal tissues. The expression levels of miR181a and CA125 in the tissues were examined by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to investigate the possible correlation between the miR181a and CA125 levels in the endometrial carcinoma tissues. Results The expression levels of CA125 and miR181a in the type I and II endometrial carcinoma were significantly higher than those in the endometrial hyperplasia and normal tissues (all p < 005). The expression level of miR181a in type II endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher, while the expression level of CA125 was significantly lower, than that in type I endometrial carcinoma (all p < 005). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the expression level of miR181a was negatively correlated with the expression level of CA125 in the carcinogenesis of endometrial carcinoma (r=816，p < 0000). Conclusion miR181a is significantly overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma, and its expression level is negatively correlated with CA125, which suggestes that miR181a may affect the occurrence and development of endometrial carcinoma by regulating the expression of CA125 in endometrial tissue, and can be used for the prognosis evaluation of endometrial carcinoma.