【Abstract】 Objective To study the efficacy and safety of videoassisted thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy and lobectomy for pulmonary nodule and provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods 112 patients with lung nodules during the period from October 2015 to October 2017 were selected as the subjects of this study. The patients were divided into a control group of 64 patients and a study group of 48 patients according to different treatment methods. The patients in the control group were given videoassisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for treatment, and the patients in the study group underwent videoassisted thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative pain, pulmonary function changes, and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, postoperative drainage volume and postoperative hospital stay in the study group were lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The VAS scores of pain in the study group on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days after surgery were not statistically different from those of the control group (P＞0.05). The postoperative FVC, FEV1, MVV levels in the two groups of patients were lower than that before surgery, but the study group was higher than the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups ［42% (2/48) vs 47% (3/64)］ (P＞0.05). The radiographic results showed that the control group had normal lung structure, a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, and no edema. The study group had significantly less inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue, less intrabuccal hemorrhage, and slight expansion of the capillaries. Conclusion Both of anatomic segmentectomy and lobectomy under videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery can effectively treat pulmonary nodules and have high safety. However, segmental resection can better preserve the patient's lung function, which is beneficial to the patient's postoperative Recovery.