【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the expression level of children’s IL5 in otitis media with effusion (OME) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) of and its clinical significance. Methods 25 patients with OME and AH, 30 children with simple OME, 30 with simple AH and 25 normal children treated in our hospital from January 2015 to 2017 were selected. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of interleukin 5, 6, 8 (IL5, IL6, IL8) in the related adenoids and serum. Results The levels of IL5 and IL6 in adenoids of OME with AH group were significantly higher than those in AH group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜005). The serum levels of IL5 and IL6 in OME with AH group and OME group were significantly higher than those in OME group and control group, the serum levels of IL5 and IL6 in adenoid were higher than those in serum, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜005). There was no significant difference in the levels of IL5 and IL6 between the four groups (P＞005). There was no significant difference in the levels of IL8 in adenoid and serum between OME with AH group and OME group (P＞005). There was no significant difference in serum IL8 level between the three groups (P＞005), but they were significantly higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜005). Conclusion The expression level of IL5 and IL6 in adenoids of OME with AH group and AH group were significantly higher than those in serum, which suggests that they play an important role in the occurrence and development of OME. 【Key words】Otitis media with effusion; Adenoidal hypertrophy; IL5