【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the genes associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to explore the molecular mechanism, bioinformatics analysis was used in RNASeq high throughput sequencing data combine the incidence of patients at different altitudes in Qinghai Province to provide a new insight of this disease. Methods The RNASeq high throughput sequencing data of proliferative diabetic retinopathy were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and R Language was used to screen differentially expressed genes. The GO and KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes were conducted by the tool DAVID and the proteinprotein interaction network analysis was conducted by the tool SRTING. Besides, realtime fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression level of ACSL5, IGF and CPS1 gene in different elevation in patients. Finally, the structure and function of IGF gene were investigated by some bioinformatic tools. Results Of all the 97 differentially expressed genes, 60 genes were of overexpressed, 37 genes were underexpressed, and all the different genes were involved in different biological process and molecular functions. Totally 10 genes were selected through STRING showed that may be a potential therapeutic target, which needs a further study together with molecular experiments. Conclusion All 10 genes are likely to be the potential therapeutic target for this disease, and the incidence of ACSL5, CPS1, and IGF have a very close relationship with PDR. The ACSL5, CPS1 and IGF could be used as an index in the early diagnosis in areas of different altitude of PDR.