【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the factors of postoperative vertebral rebound fracture after PVP surgery. Methods 61 PVP surgery patients without enhanced vertebral fractures were selected as no fracture group. 14 PVP surgery patients with enhanced vertebral fracture deemed to be fracture group. The degree of pain relief was evaluated before and 1 day after operation. The clinical parameters of the patients were analyzed and the risk factors were analyzed by Logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results The results showed that body mass index, bone mineral density (T) and postoperative kyphosis were the main factors influenced the postoperative vertebral fractures after PVP surgery. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that body mass index, bone mineral density (T) and postoperative kyphotic angle were significant factors (P＜005). There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups before operation (P＞005). The VAS score of no fracture group in the last followup was significantly lower than that of the fractured group (P＜005). Conclusion Body mass index, bone mineral density (TIS) and posterior kyphotic angle are the significant factors influencing the operation of enhanced vertebral fracture after PVP.