【Abstract】 Objective To study pathogen characteristics and risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients on mechanical ventilation with craniocerebral injury. Methods According to the complicated pulmonary infection, 317 patients on mechanical ventilation with craniocerebral injury admitted in our hospital from January 1, 2014  January 1, 2016 were divided into infection group (139 cases) and uninfected group (178 cases). All patients were treated with blood culture to analyze the characteristics and risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with mechanical ventilation of craniocerebral trauma. Results 211 pathogens were found in the blood culture of the infected group. Staphylococcus aureus in P. graminis and Grampositive bacteria 2180% and 1469%, respectively. Acinetobacter baumannii was resistive to cephalosporin and cefazolin and was sensitive to meropenem, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin and imipenem. Staphylococcus aureus was resistive to tetracycline and was sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The number of aspiration, age, misdiagnosis, indwelling gastric tube, prophylactic use of antibiotics, pretreatment albumin level and mechanical ventilation were all independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients on mechanical ventilation with craniocerebral injury (P＜005). Conclusion Patients on mechanical ventilation with craniocerebral injury occured in pulmonary infection can be infected by a variety of pathogens.