【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effects of highfat diet on endotoxin, inflammatory factors and blood pressure in rats, and observe the intervention effect of gentamycin sulfate. Methods 8weekold male SD rats were adaptively fed for 1 week, then all of the experimental rats were randomly divided into control group［(Provide normaldiet),n=11］and highfat diet group［(Provide highfat diet),n=13］, and gentamicin group［(Provide highfat diet),n=13］. The blood pressure levels of the 3 groups were measured as baseline levels. And then, the blood pressure levels of rats were measured once a week from the fifth week. From the ninth weeks, the control group given normal saline (n=11), high fat group (n=13) given normal saline, gentamicin group (n=13) received gentamicin sulfate intragastrically. All of the experimental rats were killed at the end of the 13th week. The levels of plasma glucose, endotoxin, IL1β,and insulin were measured, as well as HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) was calculated. Results At the first week, there was no statistical significance in the levels of systolic blood pressure among the control group (9609±351mmHg) and the highfat diet group (9328±412mmHg) as well as the gentamicin group (9230±626mmHg)(P＞005). At the end of the experiment, the levels of systolic blood pressure in the high fat group (14089±1142mmHg) were higher than that in the control group (9962±1127mmHg) and gentamicin group (9464±959mmHg)(P＜005). There was no statistical significance in the levels of systolic blood pressure between the control group and the gentamicin group. From the initial to the end of the experiment in each group of rats body mass per week transversal comparison (P＜005). At the end of the experiment, the concentration of plasma endotoxin in the gentamicin group (010±002EU/ml) was significantly lower than that in the highfat diet group (014±002EU/ml), but significantly higher than that in the control group (007±001EU/ml)(P＜005). The concentration of IL1β in the gentamicin group (1066±3484ng/ml) was significantly lower than those in the highfat diet group (26563±7153ng/ml) (P＜005). The plasma total cholesterol of high fat group (124+019mmol/l) and gentamicin group (127+030mmol/l) were higher than the control group (088 + 009mmol/l)(P＜005). There was no difference in the cholesterol level between the highfat group and the gentamycin group (P＞005). The plasma low density lipoprotein (043 + 013mmol/l) of gentamicin group was significantly higher than that of the control group (030+007mmol/l) (P＜005). The insulin resistance in the gentamicin group (177±033) was lower than those in the control group (350±073) and the high fat group (344±161)（P＜005）. There was no statistical difference in insulin resistance between the control group and the highfat group（P＞005）.Conclusion High fat (high triglyceride) feeding results in elevated blood pressure level and increases levels of plasma endotoxin and IL1β in rats. The intervention of gentamicin sulfate may improve blood pressure by lowing levels of inflammation in the body. The animal model established by high fat feed method is suitable for the establishment of simple hypercholesterolemia, and the model of obese rats cannot be established.