Objective To investigate the relationship between NLRP3-ASC-Caspase-1IL-18/IL-1β-TGFβ signal pathway and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 30 controls and 40 T2DM were recruited according to the inclusion criteria. The general clinical data were collected for analysis. The expression levels of the nucleotidebinding oligomerization domainlike receptor protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) in all the groups were detected by RT-qPCR，and the expression levels of their protein were investigated by western blot. Fasting plasma interleukin1β(IL-1β), interleukin-18(IL-18) and transforming growth factor(TGF) in all the groups were detected by ELISA assay. Results The expression levels of the NLRP3, apoptosisassociated specklike protein containing CARD (ASC) and Caspase1mRNA in PBMCs had no significant difference between T2DM group and control group (P＞0.05)，while ASC mRNA were positively correlated with total cholesterol(TCH) in T2DM group (P＜0.05), Caspase-1mRNA were positively correlated with body mass index（BMI）in T2DM group (P＜0.05). The expression levels of the NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 in PBMCs and fasting plasma IL-1β,IL18, TGFβ in T2DM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05), and ASC were positively correlated with mean arterial pressure（MAP），fasting plasma glucose（FPG), TC, IL-1β and IL-18 in T2DM group(P＜0-05). Caspase-1 were positively correlated with smoking history, FPG, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC) and IL-1β in T2DM group (P＜0.05). IL-1β were positively correlated with TGF in T2DM group (P＜0.05). Conclusions NLRP3-ASC-Caspase-1IL-18/IL-1β-TGFβsignal pathway centered on the NLRP3 inflammasome may play an important role in the occurrence and development of newly diagnosed T2DM.