【Abstract】 Objective To explore the charateristics of neovascularization of carotid atherosclerosis plaque between different disease states by using contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and evaluate the activity of carotid plaques. Methods Hospitalized patients with carotid atheromatous plaque ≥10x2mm in July 2015 to June 2016 were inclueded and were divided into diabetic mellitus group (DM), hyperlipidemia group(HL), hypertension group(HBP) and chronic renal failure group (CRF). Ultrasonographic characteristics and neovascularization between these groups were analyzed. Results In the contrastenhanced intensity visual grading, scores of plaque were more than 3 grade in DM (586%) and HL(560%) group, and higer than that of HBP group (58%) and CRF group (16%) (P＜005). Most plaques of DM and HL group expressed dot or short linear increase from the wall to varying degrees, and denser in the base than inside. At the same time, it accompanied with more significant telecentric enhancement. Scores of HBP group (588%) were more than 2 grade, and higher than that in DM group (31%), HL group (12%) and CRF group (8%) (P＜005). Most plaques of HBP group expressed dot increase from the wall to varying degrees and that of CRF group expressed no increase with strong echo. Conclusion Contrastenhanced ultrasonography can display the new blood vessels inside plaque. The new biochemical blood vessels degree of DM and HL group are higher than that of HBP and CRF group, and that of HBP group is higher than CRF group. Contrastenhanced ultrasound is an effective method in the assesement of the state of carotid plaques activtity, and it can be used as a clinical evaluation of neovascularization under different disease states.