【Abstract】 Objective To observe the influence of general surgery on infection after operation and immune function.Methods 850 patients with general surgery including 500 cases with positive human immunodeficiency virus and 350 cases with negative human immunodeficiency virus were involved in the present study. The postoperative infection of incision, postoperative pulmonary infection, new indexes of opportunistic infections after surgery were observed. The peripheral blood white blood cell count, neutrophil rate, the rate of lymphocyte and T lymphocyte subsets (CD4, CD8) were observed at 1 day (D0), 7 day （D7） and 30 days (D30) after operation. Results There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of postoperative infection between HIVinfected patients and nonHIVinfected patients (x2=4097，P＜005). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of infection after minor surgery (χ2=0728，P＞005). There was significant difference in the incidence of infection after the operation of the larger operation (χ2=3898，P＜005), in patients with HIV + CD4 > 200 and CD4 < 200 postoperative infection rates compare the difference was statistically significant (x2=18793，P＜005). CD4 count before and after each group of three detection of internal differences were pairwise comparison significance (P<005). Differences between different groups was statistically significant (P<005). Conclusion HIV infection in patients with nonHIV infection compared with postoperative infection rate are more susceptible to infection. The greater the surgical trauma in HIVinfected patients, the higher the postoperative complications. HIV infection in patients with their own lower immunity, the higher the incidence of postoperative infection. The lower the HIV infection to the patient's own immunity, the higher the infection complications. HIV infection in patients under the influence of surgical trauma, the greater the degree of cell immunity defects, surgical trauma on the inhibition of the more obvious immunity, the patient's immune recovery at this time the more slowly. Preoperative evaluation of patients should be a comprehensive surgical indications, preoperative can improve the patient's immune system, under the same conditions can reduce the patient's surgical trauma, reduce the incidence of complications such as postoperative infection, increase the safety of treatment And success rate.