【Abstract】Objective To investigate the clinical effect after vitrectomy of traumatic endophthalmitis in children, and analyze its factors and prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 55 cases (55 eyes) with a clinical diagnosis of endophthalmitis received vitrectomy from Oct 2011 to March 2015. The patients were divided into three groups according to the operation manners. All the patients were followedup longer than 6 months. The BRVA and retinal reposition were observed. Results The general rate of retinal detachment after vitrectomy was 21.8%. In the three different manners of vitrectomy, the rates of retinal detachment were 43.8%, 19.0% and 5.6%. The data was processed with Chisquare test and the differences between the three groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05). 36 cases received surgery within 7 days after injury and 19 cases more than 7 days after injury. The rate of retinal redetachment was statistically different(P=0.012). The infection in all cases were controlled. Conclusion As for the clinical features of endophthalmitis in children, vitrectomy combined with scleral encircling, triamcinolone intravitreous injection and silicone oil tamponade was effective in prevention of retinal redetachment and should be managed as soon as possible.