【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) combined with single channel minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (RIRS) in the treatment of complicated renal calculi. Methods Methods 76 patients with complex renal calculi admitted in our hospital from January 2015 to 2016 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the time of admission, and each group of patients with 38 cases. Patients in the control group were treated with single channel minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with RIRS, and the patients in the observation group were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with RIRS. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared. Results The bleeding volume, operation time and hospitalization time of observation group were higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The decreasement of hemoglobin of observation group were greater than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The serum creatinine level of observation group was significantly higher than that the control group (P＜0.05). The period of postoperative stone clearance rate of observation group (81.57%) was significantly higher than the control group (52.63%) (P＜0.05). The postoperative residual stone diameter of observation group was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The postoperative stone clearance rate, residual stone diameter had no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative complications between the two groups were no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Multi channel or single channel of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined ureteroscope is safe and effective in the treatment of complicated renal calculi. The minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined ureteroscope a stone clearance rate is higher than that of single channel and flexible ureteroscope operation, but the single channel combined with flexible ureteroscopy reduce the amount of bleeding has certain advantages and shorten the hospitalization time.