【Abstract】Objective To study and analyze the effect of the treatment of patients with lower esophageal cancer by using the thoracic or open esophageal cancer. Methods 86 esophageal cancer patients were collected in the present study. The patients were divided into control group (43 cases) and observation group (43 cases). The patients in the control group received open esophageal cancer radical surgery. The observation group received thoracoscopic esophageal cancer radical surgery. The operative time, bleeding, postoperative chest tube indwelling time, postoperative chest drainage, lymph node dissection, postoperative complication rate were observed. Results The intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative chest tube drainage time, postoperative chest drainage volume of observation group were significantly better than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The lymph node dissection, the threeyear survival rate and postoperative complication rate of observation group and the control group had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Radical surgery can improve the safety of surgical treatment on the basis of the effect of treatment of patients with lower esophageal cancer.