【Abstract】 Objective To compare the longterm prognosis and complications of partial laryngectomy and CO2 laser ablation in the treatment of early laryngeal cancer, and provide reference for the choice of surgical treatment for early laryngeal cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 305 patients with early laryngeal cancer treated in our hospital from August 2009 to ~2011 in August. According to the operation method, 137 patients underwent partial laryngectomy were included in the partial resection group, and the patients were treated with CO2 laser ablation in the laser ablation group (n=168). The operation, postoperative complications and followup were compared between the two groups. The therapeutic value and safety of the two methods were analyzed. Results The operation time, postoperative second day VAS score, hospitalization time and postoperative laryngeal edema were significantly lower than those of the partial resection group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in partial resection group was higher than that of laser ablation group, and 1 months after operation, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 1 groups in the UWQOL self rating scale and the longterm prognosis of the patients in the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with the traditional partial laryngectomy, CO2 laser resection in the treatment of early laryngeal cancer in the foundation to ensure the longterm prognosis of patients, shorten the postoperative recovery time, reduce the risk of complications and replacement surgery can be used as partial laryngectomy to promote.