【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical effect of "Tong Du Zhi Yu" acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on poststroke depression (PSD) patients and their effects on serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and brainderived nerve (BDNF) levels .Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with PSD were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into group A, B and C according to the different treatment methods. The group A was treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. The group B was treated with routine acupuncture. The group C was treated with western medicine. The levels of serum 5HT, NE and BDNF were compared before and after the treatment. Results HAMD scores of the three groups were improved after treatment (P<0.05). HAMD score of group A was significantly lower than that of group B and group C after treatment (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected in HAMD score between group B and group C after treatment (P>0.05). The total effective rate of group A (90.00%) was significantly higher than that of group B (65.00%) and group C (60.00%) (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected in the total effective rate between group B and group C (65.00%/60.00%) (P>0.05). No significant differences was detected in NE, 5-HT and BDEF levels among the three groups before treatment (P>0.05). The levels of NE, 5-HT and BDEF in the three groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). The levels of NE, 5-HT and BDEF in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and C (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected in NE, 5HT and BDEF levels between group B and group C (P>0.05)Conclusion "Tong Du Zhi Yu" acupuncture therapy can significantly improve depressive symptoms in PSD patients, and significantly improve the serum levels of NE, 5-HT and BDEF in PSD patients.