【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of HFOV and CMV in treating neonatal pneumothorax and find more suitable ventilation method.Methods 80 patients with neonatal pneumothorax in our hospital from October 2013 to February 2016 were selected and divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was treated with HFOV and control group with CMV. The blood gas analysis index, lung function recovery time, treatment effect and adverse reactions were observed.Results General information and constituent ratio of primary disease of the two groups had no statistic significance (P＞005). Before treatment, the difference between PaO2, PaCO2 and OI, a/APO2 of the two groups had no statistic significance (P＞005). PaO2 and a/APO2 after treatment of observation group were increased compared that before treatment （P＜005）. PaCO2 and OI after treatment of observation group were declined compared with that before treatment （P＜005）. PaO2 and a/APO2 of control group were increased compared with that before treatment. PaCO2 and OI of control group were declined compared with that before treatment. Improvement of PaO2, PaCO2, OI and a/APO2 of observation group after treatment were better than that of control group (P＜005). Breathing machine average usage time of observation group ［（37±13）d］ was obviously shorter than that of control group ［（71±18）d］（P＜005）. X-ray chest radiograph recovery time of observation group ［（41±19）d］ was shorter than that of control group ［（95±23）d］（P＜005）. No adverse reactions occurred during treatment in the two groups.Conclusion Clinical effect of HFOV is better than that of CMV, which can improve blood gas analysis index and lung function.