【Abstract】 Tooth hard tissue of caries disease is one of the common oral diseases, clinical mainly wear, wedgeshaped defects, cracked, fractured tooth type, its etiology is complicated, and have the function of the mutual coordination and accumulation, the teeth together as the starting factors, other factors such as acid corrosion and abrasion of synergy and accumulation effect, in under the joint action of various factors that can lead to tooth shape, structure, function change, into a non caries tooth hard tissue damage, resulting in the happening of the disease.But in recent years as people living habits and eating habits change, such as tooth hard tissue non caries disease present a rising trend, its etiology mechanism also gradually by the attention of people, therefore this article through to in recent years the dental scholars study the causes of tooth hard tissue of caries disease demonstration research progress were analyzed and summarized, on the cognitive etiological factors and their interaction relations, early prevention, diagnosis and treatment for the disease and avoid or reduce the resulting the etiology of the missing teeth provide relevant theoretical basis.