【Abstract】 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem that characterized by progressed and not fully reversible air flow limitation. Persistent air flow limitation is closely related with structural change. Airway remolding is inflammation and structural damage of airway wall and lung parenchyma. The airway wall component become different, airway lumen become distorted narrow, emphysema formation. Thus, the air resistance increase, progressively limit the air flow. Here, we review the mechanism of COPD airway remolding and summarized the research status.