【Abstract】 Objective To study the relationship of different Denis types of thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures with posterior internal fixation.Methods 116 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures were divided into four group according to denis types. All patients were treated with posterior internal fixation and fusion. Lumbar function was evaluated at 1day, 12 months after operation. Pain sensation was evaluated at 1day, after operation. At the end of the followup, the effect of the operation was evaluated according to the recovery of patients.Results After 12 months, all patients recovered rapidly after operation. 12 months later, the function of the thoracic and lumbar function was basically stable. The score of group A was significantly higher than that of group B, group C, group D group(P＜005),while there were no significant difference between the three groups. The VAS score decreased significantly in all patients. The scores of group A after surgery were significantly higher than group B, group C and group D(P＜005), while there were no significant difference between the three groups. The cure rate and the effective rate of A group were significantly lower than that of group B, group C and group D, U =4225,5342, P＜005,respectively, and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion In the treatment, posterior internal fixation in thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures of subtypes B, C and D have poorer efficacy than type A, so appropriate surgical treatment should be chosen according to the type of fracture.