Objective To study the expression level of the NLRP3 mRNA in periphery blood monocyte from tuberculous patients,recessive tuberculous patients and normal people,then explore the effect of NLRP3 in tuberculous patients.Methods Blood samples were respectively collected from 10 tuberculous patients,20 cases of recessive tuberculous patients and 20 cases of healthy people.The expression level of the NLRP3 mRNA was detected with real time PCR.Results The expression of NLRP3 mRNA in tuberculous patients was significantly higher than in healthy people and recessive tuberculous patients(P<0.05).There is no difference between healthy people and recessive tuberculous patients(P=0.680,P>0.05).Conclusion NLRP3 may be play an important role in the process of tuberculosis inflammation.This work provides new ideas for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis and new clues for further exploring the pathogenesis mechanism of tuberculosis.