Nuclear medicine is a discipline that uses nuclear technology to diagnose, treat and study diseases, which has important clinical value, and kidney disease has always been an important application field. In recent years, many emerging nuclear medicine technologies, which have played an important role in the evaluation and diagnosis of kidney diseases and their complications, such as renal bone disease, vascular calcification, secondary hyperparathyroidism, etc. This article will review the application of classical and emerging nuclear medicine techniques in renal diseases and their complications, and provide important references for clinicians to rationally select and apply corresponding techniques