To investigate the iron status and iron deficiency in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and discuss the possible influencing factors.Methods From January 2011 to January 2018, the patients with started peritoneal dialysis with end-stage renal disease were enrolled.The clinical data of iron metabolism, biochemical and dialysis parameters during the first peritoneal dialysis evaluation were collected.The levels of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation were evaluated, and their independent influencing factors were explored by correlation analysis and regression analysis.Results Of 633 adult PD patients, 40.4% had iron deficiency, 15.5% absolute iron deficiency and 7.9% functional iron deficiency.The average serum ferritin level was 277.9 ± 278.1ug/l, and the iron saturation 29.9±12.9%.50.7% and 69.5% patients reached respectively target serum ferritin level and iron saturation recommended by Chinese Society of Nephrology.Serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation were not correlated with eGFR, but negatively correlated with platelet count and inflammatory factors.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that women, low serum albumin, high platelet count and high hsCRP level were the independent influencing factors of lower ferritin level, while high platelet count, presence of diabetes mellitus and high IL-6 level were the independent influencing factors of lower transferrin saturation.Conclusion Iron deficiency is not uncommon in patients on incident peritoneal dialysis.Women, thrombocytosis, diabetes and inflammation are risk factors of iron storage or reduced iron utilization.In initial stage of peritoneal dialysis, a reasonable iron supplement strategy should be established on PD patients with risk factors